Insufficient Vitamin D Response to Solar Radiation in German Patients with Type 2 Diabetes or Gestational Diabetes

J. Langer; M. Penna-Martinez; D. Bon; E. Herrmann; M. Wallasch; K. Badenhoop

doi:10.1055/s-0042-111685

Hormone and Metabolic Research, Table of Contents

Horm Metab Res 2016; 48(08): 503-508
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-111685

Endocrine Care

Insufficient Vitamin D Response to Solar Radiation in German Patients with Type 2 Diabetes or Gestational Diabetes

J. Langer

¹Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

,

M. Penna-Martinez

¹Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

,

D. Bon

²Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

,

E. Herrmann

²Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

,

M. Wallasch

³German Federal Environmental Agency, Air Monitoring Network, Langen, Germany

,

K. Badenhoop

¹Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in all forms of diabetes mellitus. Recently, we reported how ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation affected vitamin D [25(OH)D₃] concentrations in patients with type 1 diabetes. Our aim was to analyze whether patients with non-autoimmune diabetes, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) also show the same vitamin D profile in relation to environmental factors including ambient temperature as an indirect parameter for outdoor activities. We analyzed 25(OH)D₃ concentrations of T2DM (n=349) and GDM patients (n=327) at the University Hospital Frankfurt from 2005 to 2007. Additionally, daily UVB and monthly outside air temperature measurements for Frankfurt/Germany were obtained. We detected a positive correlation between UVB irradiation and 25(OH)D₃ concentrations of T2DM and GDM patients (rho=0.50 and rho=0.63, p=0.003 and p<0.0001, respectively). UVB irradiation was in summer (April–October) higher than in winter (November–March) (5.6 kJ/m² vs. 0.5 kJ/m², p<0.0001). However, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in summer remained high with 76% in T2DM and 59% in GDM. In a stepwise regression analysis for the 25(OH)D₃ concentration, significant predictors were outdoor temperature (estimate=0.02, p<0.0001), UVB radiation (estimate=−0.0015, p=0.02), year (2006 vs. 2005 estimate=−0.06, p>0.05, 2007 vs. 2005: estimate=−0.13, p<0.0001) and diabetes type (estimate=0.06, p=0.03). In conclusion, the strong correlation between UVB radiation and 25(OH)D₃ concentrations in T2DM and GDM patients determines the seasonal variation. Additional determinants for the 25(OH)D₃ concentrations were outdoor temperature, year, and diabetes type. Despite the effects of solar radiation both patients groups remain largely vitamin D deficient during summers.

Key words

seasonal variation - 25(OH)D₃ status - environment - hormones - glucose metabolism

Full Text

References

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